Author: Lineburg, Katie E; Neller, Michelle A; Ambalathingal, George R; Le Texier, Laetitia; Raju, Jyothy; Swaminathan, Srividhya; Lekieffre, Lea; Smith, Caitlyn; Rehan, Sweera; Crooks, Pauline; Panikkar, Archana; Srihari, Sriganesh; Khanna, Rajiv; Smith, Corey
Title: Rapid wholeâ€blood assay to detect SARSâ€CoVâ€2â€specific memory Tâ€cell immunity following a single dose of AstraZeneca ChAdOx1â€S COVIDâ€19 vaccine Cord-id: h83r48vi Document date: 2021_8_12
ID: h83r48vi
Snippet: OBJECTIVES: With the ongoing emergence of SARSâ€CoVâ€2 variants and potential to evade vaccineâ€induced neutralisation, understanding the magnitude and breadth of vaccineâ€induced Tâ€cell immunity will be critical for the ongoing optimisation of vaccine approaches. Strategies that provide a rapid and easily translatable means of assessing virusâ€specific Tâ€cell responses provide an opportunity to monitor the impact of vaccine rollouts in the community. In this study, we assessed whether
Document: OBJECTIVES: With the ongoing emergence of SARSâ€CoVâ€2 variants and potential to evade vaccineâ€induced neutralisation, understanding the magnitude and breadth of vaccineâ€induced Tâ€cell immunity will be critical for the ongoing optimisation of vaccine approaches. Strategies that provide a rapid and easily translatable means of assessing virusâ€specific Tâ€cell responses provide an opportunity to monitor the impact of vaccine rollouts in the community. In this study, we assessed whether our recently developed SARSâ€CoVâ€2 wholeâ€blood assay could be used effectively to analyse Tâ€cell responses following vaccination. METHODS: Following a median of 15 days after the first dose of the ChAdOx1â€S (AstraZeneca(®)) vaccine, peripheral blood was isolated from 58 participants. Blood was incubated overnight with an overlapping set of spike protein peptides and assessed for cytokine production using a cytometric bead array. RESULTS: The majority of vaccine recipients (51/58) generated a T helper 1 response (IFNâ€Î³ and/or ILâ€2) following a single dose of ChAdOx1â€S. The magnitude of the IFNâ€Î³ and ILâ€2 response strongly correlated in vaccine recipients. While the production of other cytokines was evident in individuals who did not generate IFNâ€Î³ and ILâ€2, they showed no correlation in magnitude, nor did we see a correlation between sex or age and the magnitude of the response. CONCLUSIONS: The wholeâ€blood cytokine assay provides a rapid approach to assessing Tâ€cell immunity against SARSâ€CoVâ€2 in vaccine recipients. While the majority of participants generated a robust SARSâ€CoVâ€2â€specific Tâ€cell response following their first dose, some did not, demonstrating the likely importance of the booster dose in improving Tâ€cell immunity.
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