Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Association with Mental Health in an Indigenous Population in Panamá.

Walker, Rebekah J; Dawson, Aprill Z; Campbell, Jennifer A; Egede, Leonard E

OBJECTIVE Understanding food insecurity and its health consequences is important for identifying strategies to best target support for individuals and communities. Given the limited information that exists for Indigenous groups in Latin America, this study aimed to understand the association between food insecurity and mental health in an Indigenous population in Panama. DESIGN Cross-sectional data were collected using a survey conducted with Kuna Indians residing off the coast of Panama. Data sources included measures from the Panamanian Prevalence of Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Survey, and validated measures for psychosocial factors and standardized health outcome measures. Regression models with each of the mental health outcomes (depression, serious psychological distress, perceived stress) were used to examine the association between food insecurity and mental health outcomes. SETTING Indigenous Kuna community residing on the San Blas Islands of Panama. PARTICIPANTS 209 adults. RESULTS Food insecurity was reported by 83% of the participants. Across demographic categories, the only significant difference was by age with higher prevalence in younger ages. After adjusting for demographics, higher food insecurity was significantly associated with higher number of depressive symptoms and more serious psychological distress, but not with levels of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, treatment for mental health in the Kuna community may need to account for social determinants of health and be tailored to meet the needs of younger age groups in this population. In addition, interventions designed to decrease food insecurity should be considered as a possible means for improving mental health.