Association between vaccinations and clinical manifestations in children with COVID-19.

Liu, Shijian; Yuan, Chunhui; Lin, Jianfei; Gao, Wenqi; Tian, Dan; Cai, Xiaonan; Yuan, Jiajun; Xiang, Feiyan; Yang, Yan; Huang, Xinru; Li, Ruizhen; Xiang, Yun; Shan, Hongmei; Zhao, Li; Dong, Bin; Zhou, Min; Tong, Shilu; Chen, Tongxin; Shao, Jianbo; Zhao, Liebin; Xiao, Han

Background The infection rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children was less than that in adults. However, the underlining reason is not well known. Methods Children with COVID-19 were recruited from two Children's Hospitals in Wuhan and Shanghai in this case-control study. The associations of initial symptoms with age, vaccinations of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), and influenza and pathogens were determined by Chi-square t-test. Results We evaluated 248 confirmed cases, and 56 suspected cases with COVID-19. The median age was 6.82 years old, and 118 cases (38.82%) were girls. Furthermore, 30.26% of all patients were asymptomatic cases. The percentage of asymptomatic cases vaccinated with BCG was not significantly higher than that without BCG vaccination [86/280 (30.71%) vs. 6/13 (46.15%), P=0.203], and initial symptoms were not related with immunized influenza vaccine (P=0.267). Compared to parameters in pediatric patients with normal body temperatures, patients with fever had higher C reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001). Conclusions Pediatric COVID-19 patients with BCG vaccinations exhibit similar clinical manifestations compared to those without BCG vaccinations, and the severity of symptoms in pediatric patients may be related to the maturity of immune function.