Divergent SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cell responses in severe but not mild COVID-19

Oja, Anna E.; Saris, Anno; Ghandour, Cherien A.; Kragten, Natasja A.M.; Hogema, Boris M.; Nossent, Esther J.; Heunks, Leo M.A.; Cuvalay, Susan; Slot, Ed; Swaneveld, Francis H.; Vrielink, Hans; Rispens, Theo; van der Schoot, Ellen; van Lier, René A.W.; Brinke, Anja Ten; Hombrink, Pleun

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding both the immunological processes providing specific immunity and potential immunopathology underlying the pathogenesis of this disease may provide valuable insights for potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses in patients with different clinical courses. Compared to individuals with a mild clinical presentation, CD4+ T cell responses were qualitatively impaired in critically ill patients. Strikingly, however, in these patients the specific IgG antibody response was remarkably strong. The observed disparate T and B cell responses could be indicative of a deregulated immune response in critically ill COVID-19 patients.