The psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers in Pakistan

Riaz, B.; Rafai, W. A.; Ussaid, A.; Masood, A.; Anwar, S.; Baig, F. A.; Saleem, K.; Nasir, S. A.; Firdous, Z.; Iqbal, F.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare facilities and healthcare professionals' stamina and wellbeing. This study examines the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare professionals. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2020 after institutional review board approval at a tertiary care institution in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 175 healthcare workers participated following an online Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire invitation and 41 were excluded following pre-existing mental health conditions. Data was analysed using MS Excel and SPSS Amos 23. Chi-squared test and regression were applied for comparison and impact of confounding variables respectively (p<0.05 was considered significant). Results: Out of 134, 66 (49%) were doctors, 24 (18%) were nurses and 44 (33%) were non-medical professionals. Ninety-five (70%) with age 21-30 years. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Overall mean depression score accounted for 6.89 +/- 6.64;anxiety score was 7.28 +/- 6.74 and stress score was 8.83 +/- 6.93. Mild depression, anxiety and stress was noted in 21 (15.6%), eight (6%) and 27 (20.1%) healthcare workers, respectively. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among healthcare workers for depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: This study demonstrated considerable impact of COVID-19 on mental health of healthcare workers. A well-structured targeted mental health support programme is needed urgently to support and reduce the long-term impact on healthcare workers' mental health and wellbeing.