Association between convalescent plasma and the risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis

Wardhani, Shinta Oktya; Fajar, Jonny Karunia; Wulandari, Laksmi; Soegiarto, Gatot; Purnamasari, Yeni; Asmiragani, Anisa; Maliga, Helnida Anggun; Ilmawan, Muhammad; Seran, Gloriana; Iskandar, Dheka Sapti; Ndapa, Conchita Emiliana; Hamat, Viviana; Wahyuni, Rafika Ajeng; Cyntia, Linda Oktaviana Suci; Maarang, Feronika Maryanti; Beo, Yosef Andrian; Adar, Olivera Agnes; Rakhmadhan, Iraky Mardya; Shantikaratri, Emilia Tiara; Putri, Ayu Sekarani Damana; Wahdini, Rizqa; Broto, Endang Pati; Suwanto, Agnes Wanda; Tamara, Fredo; Mahendra, Aditya Indra; Winoto, Eden Suryoiman; Krisna, Pratista Adi; Harapan, Harapan

Background: Convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used for treating some infectious diseases; however, the efficacy of CCP in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial. The aim of this research was to assess the efficacy of CCP as an adjunctive treatment in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and MedRix were searched for potentially relevant articles. All included papers were assessed for the quality using modified Jadad scale and Newcastle-Ottawa scale for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non – RCT, respectively. We used a Q test and Egger test to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias among studies, respectively. Mortality rates between patients treated with standard treatment and standard treatment with CCP were compared using a Z test. Results: A total of 12 papers consisting of three cross-sectional studies, one prospective study, five retrospective studies, and three RCT studies were included in our analysis. Of them, a total of 1,937 patients treated with CCP and 3,405 patients without CCP were included. The risk of mortality was 1.92-fold higher in patients without CCP compared to patients treated with CCP (OR: 1.92; 95%CI: 1.33, 2.77; p=0.0005). In severe COVID-19 sub-group analysis, we found that patients without CCP had a 1.32 times higher risk of mortality than those treated with CCP (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.60; p=0.0040). Conclusions: CCP, as adjunctive therapy, could reduce the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients.