Sex-specific impact of severe obesity in the outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a large retrospective study from the Bronx, New York

Guerson-Gil, Arcelia; Palaiodimos, Leonidas; Assa, Andrei; Karamanis, Dimitris; Kokkinidis, Damianos; Chamorro-Pareja, Natalia; Kishore, Preeti; Leider, Jason M.; Brandt, Lawrence J.

It has been demonstrated that obesity is an independent risk factor for worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Our objectives were to investigate which classes of obesity are associated with higher in-hospital mortality and to assess the association between obesity and systemic inflammation. This was a retrospective study which included consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary center. Three thousand five hundred thirty patients were included in this analysis (female sex: 1579, median age: 65 years). The median body mass index (BMI) was 28.8 kg/m(2). In the overall cohort, a J-shaped association between BMI and in-hospital mortality was depicted. In the subgroup of men, BMI 35–39.9 kg/m(2) and BMI ≥40 kg/m(2) were found to have significant association with higher in-hospital mortality, while only BMI ≥40 kg/m(2) was found significant in the subgroup of women. No significant association between BMI and IL-6 was noted. Obesity classes II and III in men and obesity class III in women were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. The male population with severe obesity was the one that mainly drove this association. No significant association between BMI and IL-6 was noted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10096-021-04260-z.