Scoping review of COVID-19-related systematic reviews and meta-analyses: can we really have confidence in their results?

Wurth, Rachel; Hajdenberg, Michelle; Barrera, Francisco J; Shekhar, Skand; Copacino, Caroline E; Moreno-Peña, Pablo J; Gharib, Omar A.M.; Porter, Forbes; Hiremath, Swapnil; Hall, Janet E; Schiffrin, Ernesto L; Eisenhofer, Graeme; Bornstein, Stefan R; Brito, Juan P.; González-González, José Gerardo; Stratakis, Constantine A; Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, René; Hannah-Shmouni, Fady

AIM: The aim of this study was to systematically appraise the quality of a sample of COVID-19-related systematic reviews (SRs) and discuss internal validity threats affecting the COVID-19 body of evidence. DESIGN: We conducted a scoping review of the literature. SRs with or without meta-analysis (MA) that evaluated clinical data, outcomes or treatments for patients with COVID-19 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We extracted quality characteristics guided by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2 to calculate a qualitative score. Complementary evaluation of the most prominent published limitations affecting the COVID-19 body of evidence was performed. RESULTS: A total of 63 SRs were included. The majority were judged as a critically low methodological quality. Most of the studies were not guided by a pre-established protocol (39, 62%). More than half (39, 62%) failed to address risk of bias when interpreting their results. A comprehensive literature search strategy was reported in most SRs (54, 86%). Appropriate use of statistical methods was evident in nearly all SRs with MAs (39, 95%). Only 16 (33%) studies recognised heterogeneity in the definition of severe COVID-19 as a limitation of the study, and 15 (24%) recognised repeated patient populations as a limitation. CONCLUSION: The methodological and reporting quality of current COVID-19 SR is far from optimal. In addition, most of the current SRs fail to address relevant threats to their internal validity, including repeated patients and heterogeneity in the definition of severe COVID-19. Adherence to proper study design and peer-review practices must remain to mitigate current limitations.