Evaluating Deep Neural Network Architectures with Transfer Learning for Pneumonitis Diagnosis

Krishnamurthy, Surya; Srinivasan, Kathiravan; Qaisar, Saeed Mian; Vincent, P. M. Durai Raj; Chang, Chuan-Yu

Pneumonitis is an infectious disease that causes the inflammation of the air sac. It can be life-threatening to the very young and elderly. Detection of pneumonitis from X-ray images is a significant challenge. Early detection and assistance with diagnosis can be crucial. Recent developments in the field of deep learning have significantly improved their performance in medical image analysis. The superior predictive performance of the deep learning methods makes them ideal for pneumonitis classification from chest X-ray images. However, training deep learning models can be cumbersome and resource-intensive. Reusing knowledge representations of public models trained on large-scale datasets through transfer learning can help alleviate these challenges. In this paper, we compare various image classification models based on transfer learning with well-known deep learning architectures. The Kaggle chest X-ray dataset was used to evaluate and compare our models. We apply basic data augmentation and fine-tune our feed-forward classification head on the models pretrained on the ImageNet dataset. We observed that the DenseNet201 model outperforms other models with an AUROC score of 0.966 and a recall score of 0.99. We also visualize the class activation maps from the DenseNet201 model to interpret the patterns recognized by the model for prediction.