Risk factors for wound infection caused by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among hospitalized patients: a case control study from a tertiary care hospital in India.

Thimmappa, Latha; Bhat, Anil; Hande, Manjunatha; Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay; Devi, Elsa; Nayak, Baby; George, Anice

Background Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes infection in hospitals and communities. The prevalence and risk factors of MRSA infection is not homogenous across the globe. Objective To find the risk factors of MRSA infection among hospitalized patients. Methods Cross-sectional case control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India. The risk factors were collected using checklist from 130 MRSA and 130 Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infected patients. The pathogens were isolated from the wound swabs according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, diabetic status, undergoing invasive procedures, urinary catheterization and smoking (p>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed surgical treatment (OR 4.355; CI 1.03, 18.328; p=0.045), prolonged hospitalization (OR 0.307; CI 0.11, 0.832; p=0.020), tracheostomy (OR 5.298, CI 1.16, 24.298; p=0.032), pressure/venous ulcer (OR 7.205; CI 1.75, 29.606; p=0.006) and previous hospitalization (OR 2.883; CI 1.25, 6.631; p=0.013) as significant risk factors for MRSA infection. Conclusion Surgical treatment, prolonged and history of hospitalization, having tracheostomy for ventilation and pressure/venous ulcer were the key risk factors. Therefore, special attention has to be given to the preventable risk factors while caring for hospitalized patients to prevent MRSA infection.