Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions for the General Population with and without Cardiometabolic Risk: A Scoping Review.

Rozga, Mary; Jones, Kelly; Robinson, Justin; Yahiro, Amy

OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review was to examine the research question: In the adults with or without cardiometabolic risk, what is the availability of literature examining interventions to improve or maintain nutrition and physical activity related outcomes? Sub-topics included 1) behavior counseling or coaching from a dietitian/nutritionist or exercise practitioner; 2) mobile applications to improve nutrition and physical activity; and 3) nutritional ergogenic aids. DESIGN This study is a scoping review. A literature search of the Medline Complete; CINAHL Complete; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and other databases was conducted to identify articles published in the English language from January 2005 until May 2020. Data was synthesized using bubble charts and heat maps. SETTING Out-patient, community and workplace. PARTICIPANTS Adults with or without cardiometabolic risk factors living in economically developed countries. RESULTS Searches resulted in 19,474 unique articles and 170 articles were included in this scoping review, including one guideline, 30 systematic reviews, 134 RCTs and five non-randomized trials. Mobile applications (n=37) as well as ergogenic aids (n=87) have been addressed in several recent studies, including systematic reviews. While primary research has examined the effect of individual-level nutrition and physical activity counseling or coaching from a dietitian/nutritionist and/or exercise practitioner (n=48), interventions provided by these practitioners have not been recently synthesized in systematic reviews. CONCLUSION Systematic reviews of behavior counseling or coaching provided by a dietitian/nutritionist and/or exercise practitioner are needed and can inform practice for practitioners working with individuals who are healthy or have cardiometabolic risk.