Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Chickenpox With Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis

Balamurugesan, Kandan; Chandramouli, Chandni; Hamide, Abdoul

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare complication of chickenpox. All cases of post-varicella GBS published in the literature have been associated with the classical albuminocytological dissociation. We report the case of a 48-year-old male with flaccid areflexic quadriparesis and bilateral seventh, ninth, tenth, and twelfth cranial nerve palsies 10 days after chickenpox. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis done in the second week showed marked lymphocytic pleocytosis. Electroneurographic studies were suggestive of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy. He had near-total neurological recovery with intravenous immunoglobulin. Our case demonstrates that GBS can occur after primary varicella infection, and marked CSF pleocytosis can be an additional feature.