Selected article for: "air pollution and ambient particulate matter"

Author: Naqvi, Hasan Raja; Datta, Manali; Mutreja, Guneet; Siddiqui, Masood Ahsan; Naqvi, Daraksha Fatima; Naqvi, Afsar Raza
Title: Improved Air Quality and Associated Mortalities in India under COVID-19 Lockdown()
  • Cord-id: nks0lns3
  • Document date: 2020_10_27
  • ID: nks0lns3
    Snippet: India enforced stringent lockdown measures on March 24, 2020 to mitigate the spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronovirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we examined the impact of lockdown on the air quality index (AQI) [including ambient particulate matter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O(3)), and ammonia (NH(3))] and tropospheric NO(2) and O(3) densities through Sentinel-5 satellite data approximately 1 d post-lockdown
    Document: India enforced stringent lockdown measures on March 24, 2020 to mitigate the spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronovirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we examined the impact of lockdown on the air quality index (AQI) [including ambient particulate matter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O(3)), and ammonia (NH(3))] and tropospheric NO(2) and O(3) densities through Sentinel-5 satellite data approximately 1 d post-lockdown and one month pre-lockdown and post-lockdown. Our findings revealed a marked reduction in the ambient AQI (estimated mean reduction of 17.75% and 20.70%, respectively), tropospheric NO(2) density, and land surface temperature (LST) during post-lockdown compared with the pre-lockdown period or corresponding months in 2019, except for a few sites with substantial coal mining and active power plants. We observed a modest increase in the O(3) density post-lockdown, thereby indicating improved tropospheric air quality. As a favorable outcome of the COVID-19 lockdown, road accident-related mortalities declined by 72-folds. Cities with poor air quality correlate with higher COVID-19 cases and deaths (r=0.504 and r=0.590 for NO(2); r=0.744 and r=0.435 for AQI). Conversely, low mortality was reported in cities with better air quality. These results show a correlation between the COVID-19 vulnerable regions and AQI hotspots, thereby suggesting that air pollution may exacerbate clinical manifestations of the disease. However, a prolonged lockdown may nullify the beneficial environmental outcomes by adversely affecting socioeconomic and health aspects.

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