Objective olfactory testing in patients presenting with sudden onset olfactory dysfunction as the first manifestation of confirmed COVID-19 infection

jerome lechien; pierre cabaraux; carlos chiesa-estomba; mohammad khalife; jan plzak; stephane hans; delphine martiny; christian Henriquez; Claire hopkins; sven saussez

The online questionnaire was created with Professional Survey Monkey® (San Mateo, California, USA), so that each participant could complete the survey only once. The selection of the relevant epidemiological and clinical features composing the questionnaire was carried out by the Covid-19 Task Force of YO-IFOS, which includes otolaryngologists from North America, Europe and Asia [8] . The demographic and clinical outcomes consisted of the assessment of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, throat pain, facial pain, ear pain, dysphagia and dysgeusia, the latter being defined as the impairment of the following four taste modalities: salty, sweet, bitter and sour.