Coronary heart disease and COVID-19: a meta-analysis

Liang, Chendi; Zhang, Weijun; Li, Shuzhen; Qin, Gang

Objective: Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had become a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, the number of infections has been increasing. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with coronary heart disease. Method: Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect the literature concerning coronary heart disease and COVID-19. The retrieval time was from inception to 20, 2020, using Stata version 14.0 for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 22,148 patients from 40 studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed that coronary heart disease was associated with poor prognosis of COVID-19 (OR=3.42, 95%CI [2.83, 4.13], P < 0.001). After subgroup analysis, coronary heart disease was found to be related to mortality (OR=3.75, 95%CI [2.91, 4.82], P < 0.001), severe/critical COVID-19 (OR=3.23, 95%CI [2.19, 4.77], P < 0.001), ICU admission (OR=2.25, 95%CI [1.34, 3.79], P = 0.002), disease progression (OR=3.01, 95%CI [1.46, 6.22], P = 0.003); Meta-regression showed that the association between coronary heart disease and poor prognosis of COVID-19 was affected by hypertension (P=0.004), and subgroup analysis showed that compared with the proportion of hypertension > 30% (OR=2.85, 95%CI [2.33, 3.49]), the proportion of hypertension < 30% (OR=4.78, 95%CI [3.50, 6.51]) had a higher risk of poor prognosis. Conclusion: Coronary heart disease is a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.