The analysis of alcohol consumption during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Italian lockdown.

Mazzarella, Chiara; Spina, Annamaria; Dallio, Marcello; Gravina, Antonietta G; Romeo, Mario; DI Mauro, Maurizio; Loguercio, Carmelina; Federico, Alessandro

BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 lockdown resulted in deep changes of lifestyles, promoting in many people the onset of psychological symptoms generally associated with drug and alcohol abuse. The aim was to assess the variation of alcohol drinking habits in a sample of Italian citizens during lockdown and to identify the psychosocial factors surrounding it. METHODS An online anonymous questionnaire was created and submitted from 9th April 2020 to 28th April 2020. Questions were related to personal psychosocial details and alcohol drinking habits during the lockdown, including Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT C) questions. RESULTS On a total of 1234 surveys the increase of both anxiety and fear was largely detected (63% and 61% respectively). The 18% increased alcohol consumption during the lockdown and it showed a significant correlation with anxiety and fear experienced (both p<0.001). The relative risk for 7 to 9 and more than 10 drinks per day consumption were directly linked to these symptoms (p<0.001). The most involved categories of participants showed this harmful association were self-employed workers and participants who live alone, subject aged 30-50 with high level of instruction or students and not occupied people in the age range 18-19 (all p<0.001). Additionally, the subset of the study population that showed low alcohol consumption before the lockdown has demonstrated the worsening of alcohol assumption during the quarantine (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Several psychosocial factors are involved in determining the increase of alcohol consumption during lockdown and need the healthcare support to avoid awful impact on human life.