Switching of OAS1 splicing isoforms mitigates SARS-CoV-2 infection

Iida, Kei; Ajiro, Masahiko; Muramoto, Yukiko; Takenaga, Toru; Denawa, Masatsugu; Kurosawa, Ryo; Noda, Takeshi; Hagiwara, Masatoshi

Background The rapidly accumulating disease susceptibility information collected from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient genomes must be urgently utilized to develop therapeutic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chromosome 12q24.13, which encodes the 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) family of proteins that sense viral genomic RNAs and trigger an antiviral response, is identified as one of the genomic regions that contains SNPs associated with COVID-19 severity. A high-risk SNP identified at the splice acceptor site of OAS1 exon 6 is known to change the proportions of the various splicing isoforms and the activity of the enzyme. Methods We employed in-silico motif search and RNA pull-down assay to define a factor responsible for the OAS1 splicing. Next, we rationally selected a candidate for slicing modulator to modulate this splicing. Results We found that inhibition of CDC-like kinase with a small chemical compound induces switching of OAS1 splice isoforms in human lung cells. In this condition, increased resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection, enhanced RNA degradation, and transcriptional activation of interferon β1, were also observed. Conclusions The results indicate the possibility of using chemical splicing modifiers aided by genome-based precision medicine to boost the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection.