Mathematical modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic with demographic effects

Kamara, Abdul A.; Mouanguissa, Lagès N.; Barasa, Godfrey Okumu

In this paper, a latent infection susceptible–exposed–infectious–recovered model with demographic effects is used to understand the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemics. We calculate the basic reproduction number ([Formula: see text] ) by solving the differential equations of the model and also using next-generation matrix method. We also prove the global stability of the model using the Lyapunov method. We showed that when the [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] the disease-free and endemic equilibria asymptotic stability exist theoretically. We provide numerical simulations to demonstrate the detrimental impact of the direct and latent infections for the COVID-19 pandemic.