G-quadruplex stabilization in the ions and maltose transporters inhibit Salmonella enterica growth and virulence

Neha Jain; Subodh Kumar Mishra; Uma Shankar; Arpita Tawani; Ankit Jaiswal; Tarun Kumar Sharma; Prashant Kodgire; Amit Kumar

Currently, G4s are being investigated for their involvement in virulence and survival mechanisms of various human pathogen [46] . Stabilization of G4s in protozoans: Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania donovani have shown anti-protozoal activities [47] . Further, G4s have emerged as promising drug target in viruses like SARS coronavirus, Human Papilloma virus(HPV), Zika virus, Ebola virus, Herpes simplex virus(HSV), Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), Hepatitis B virus(HBV), Hepatitis C virus(HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1), etc. where they play an essential role in viral proliferation and pathogenicity [42] . In bacteria, G4 present at the upstream of pilE locus, B31 vlsE locus and tprK antigen protein in Neisseria gonorrhoea, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Treponema pallidum, respectively acts as an activator for the initiation of antigenic variation and helps the pathogens in bypassing immune system of the host cells [46] . In Deinococcus radiodurans, G4 sequences were . CC-BY 4.0 International license is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It . https://doi.org/10.1101/357046 doi: bioRxiv preprint present in the regulatory regions of various genes and contributes to radio resistance [48] . G4 present at the 150 nt upstream of nasT in the soil bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 isreported to be involved in nitrite assimilation [49] .