A trimeric human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent in vitro

Xiao, Tianshu; Lu, Jianming; Zhang, Jun; Johnson, Rebecca I.; McKay, Lindsay G.A.; Storm, Nadia; Lavine, Christy L.; Peng, Hanqin; Cai, Yongfei; Rits-Volloch, Sophia; Lu, Shen; Quinlan, Brian D.; Farzan, Michael; Seaman, Michael S.; Griffiths, Anthony; Chen, Bing

Effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a carboxypeptidase that forms a dimer and serves as the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2. It is also a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), conserved in mammals, which modulates vascular functions. We report here the properties of a trimeric ACE2 variant, created by a structure-based approach, with binding affinity of ~60 pM for the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, while preserving the wildtype peptidase activity as well as the ability to block activation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 in the RAS. Moreover, the engineered ACE2 potently inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. These results suggest that engineered, trimeric ACE2 may be a promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent for treating COVID-19.