COVID-19 fatality rates in hospitalized patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Macedo, Ana; Gonçalves, Nilza; Febra, Cláudia

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Although general and local public health report deathly cases, case fatality rates are still largely unknown. Thus, we sought to evaluate the mortality of COVID-19. METHODS: We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for articles evaluating the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients that included clinical outcomes, between December 2020 and 24 April, 2020. Two authors performed an independent selection using predefined terms of search. RESULTS: We retrieved 33 studies with a total of 13,398 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis. The mortality rate of the COVID‐19 patients was 17.1% (95%CI 12.7; 22.7, I(2)=96.9%). For general patients admitted to the hospital (excluding critical care-only studies) the mortality rate of the COVID‐19 was 11.5% (95%CI 7.7; 16.9, I(2)=96.7%). Among critical illness studies (n=7) we found a 40.5% mortality (95%CI 31.2; 50.6, I(2)=91.8%). CONCLUSION: High COVID-19 mortality among general admitted patients and critical care cases should guide resources allocations and economic burden calculations during the pandemics.