Spectrum of chest computed tomographic (CT) findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients in India

Parry, Arshed Hussain; Wani, Abdul Haseeb; Yaseen, Mudasira; Jehangir, Majid; Choh, Naseer Ahmad; Dar, Khurshid Ahmad

PURPOSE: To report the spectrum of chest computed tomographic (CT) imaging findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infected Indian patients. METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study comprising 147 consecutive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive patients who underwent CT chest. Prevalence, distribution, extent and type of abnormal lung findings were recorded. RESULTS: Among the total study cohort of 147 patients, 104 (70.7%) were males and 43 (29.3%) were females with mean age of 40.9 ± 17.2 years (range 24-71 years). We observed lung parenchymal abnormalities in 51 (34.7%) cases whereas 96 (65.3%) RT-PCR positive cases had a normal chest CT. Only 12.2% of the patients were dyspneic, 6.1% had desaturation, 7.4% had increased respiratory rate and 10.9% had comorbidities. Among the patients with abnormal CT findings bilateral 39/51 (76.5%), multilobar (88.2%) lung involvement with a predominant peripheral and posterior distribution was commonly observed. With regards to the type of opacity, ground glass opacity (GGO) was the dominant abnormality found in all 51 (100%) cases. Pure GGO was observed in 15 (29.4%), GGO with crazy paving pattern was seen in 15 (29.4%) and GGO mixed with consolidation was noted in 21(41.2%). Peri-lesional or intralesional segmental or subsegmental pulmonary vessel enlargement was observed in 36 (70.6%) cases. CONCLUSION: In this study population predominantly with mild symptoms and few comorbidities, two-thirds of RT-PCR positive patients had a normal chest CT; whereas the remaining patients showed typical findings of predominant GGOs with a bilateral distribution and peripheral predominance.