Current understanding of gut microbiota in tackling COVID-19

Sumathi, S.; Suganya, K.; Swathi, K.; Sudha, B.; Sneha, S.

SARS-CoV-2 is a global pandemic that mainly affects the respiratory system by binding to host cell transmembrane protease serine-2 (TMPRSS-2) and ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme) receptors on alveolar epithelial cells. The gut microflora plays an important role in maintaining human health and of greatest concern in covid affected individuals. Dysbiosis may be a consequence for lung infection that has been linked to the severity of SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies identified the presence of SARSCoV-2 RNA in the faeces of COVID-19 patients, which has been associated with several gastrointestinal tract ailments and multiorgan dysfunction. Diet, lifestyle, and genetics plays a vital role in determining the gut microbiota and immune compromise to the virus infection. COVID-19 is attributed to the variations in gut microbiota diversity which often decreases with age and, hence the lethality in elderly patients. Intestinal microbiota profile can be enhanced by improved diet and supplementation, which has been shown to increase immunity in elderly and immune-compromised patients. Diet has an incredible impact on the gut microbiome, allowing for a new state of homeostasis to be achieved through intake timing, frequency, and duration. This review article focuses on gut, lung microbiota, and immunomodulation. with an emphasis on gut microbiota-induced immune activation.