Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the poorest region of Brazil: results from a population-based study

de Souza Araújo, Adriano Antunes; Quintans-Júnior, Lucindo José; Heimfarth, Luana; Schimieguel, Dulce Marta; Corrêa, Cristiane Bani; de Moura, Tatiana Rodrigues; Cavalcante, Rafael Ciro Marques; Rodrigues Bomfim, Rangel; Grespan, Renata; Santana Rodrigues, Lorranny; dos Santos, Danillo Menezes; de Sá Resende, Ayane; de Lima Silva, Nathanielly; da Silva Santos, Anna Clara Ramos; Dantas Araújo, Jéssica Maria; de Souza, Mércia Feitosa; de Oliveira Góes, Marco Aurélio; Santana Santos, Victor; Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo

Population-based seroprevalence studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in low- and middle-income countries are lacking. We investigated the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil, using rapid IgM−IgG antibody test and fluorescence immunoassay. The seroprevalence was 9.3% (95% CI 8.5–10.1), 10.2% (95% CI 9.2–11.3) for women and 7.9% (IC 95% 6.8–9.1) for men (P = 0.004). We found a decline in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies according to age, but the differences were not statistically significant: 0–19 years (9.9%; 95% CI 7.8–12.5), 20–59 years (9.3%; 95% CI 8.4–10.3) and ≥60 years (9.0%; 95% CI 7.5–10.8) (P = 0.517). The metropolitan area had a higher seroprevalence (11.7%, 95% CI 10.3–13.2) than outside municipalities (8.0%, 95% CI 7.2–8.9) (P < 0.001). These findings highlight the importance of serosurveillance to estimate the real impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and thereby provide data to better understand the spread of the virus, as well as providing information to guide stay-at-home measures and other policies. In addition, these results may be useful as basic data to follow the progress of COVID-19 outbreak as social restriction initiatives start to be relaxed in Brazil.