Observational Study of Chlorpromazine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

Hoertel, N.; Sanchez Rico, M.; Vernet, R.; Jannot, A.-S.; Neuraz, A.; Blanco, C.; Lemogne, C.; Airagnes, G.; Paris, N.; Daniel, C.; Gramfort, A.; Lemaitre, G.; Bernaux, M.; Bellamine, A.; Beeker, N.; Limosin, F.

On the grounds of its anti-inflammatory and potential antiviral effects, chlorpromazine has been suggested to be effective treatment for Covid-19. We examined the association between chlorpromazine use and respiratory failure among all hospitalized adults with Covid-19 at the 39 Greater Paris University hospitals since the beginning of the epidemic. Study baseline was defined as the date of hospital admission. The primary endpoint was a composite of intubation or death in a time-to-event analysis adjusting for numerous potential confounders. We used a multivariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score. Of the 12,217 adult inpatients with a positive Covid-19 RT-PCR test included in the analyses, 57 (0.47%) received chlorpromazine. Over a mean follow-up of 20.8 days, the primary endpoint occurred in 29 patients (50.9%) exposed to chlorpromazine and 1,899 patients (15.6%) who were not. In the main analysis, there was a positive significant association between chlorpromazine use and the outcome (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.56, p=0.019), while a Cox regression in a matched analytic sample yielded non-significant association (1.38; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.09, p=0.123). These findings suggest that chlorpromazine is unlikely to have a clinical efficacy for Covid-19.