Spotlight on Immunity against Covid-19 with Emphasis on Cytokine Storm

Aldahlawi, A. M.; Zaher, K. S. A.

This report provides a study on the ongoing infection, pathogenesis, and immunity of COVID-19. The study will also investigate the cytokine storm and the role of both dendritic cells and Natural Killer T cells, and will provide ample references for researchers who need immunological data on SARS-CoV-2. The review collects data from 60 different review and research articles. Viral antigens are predictable by the B cells or introduced to the T cells by MHC complexes, leading to the assembly of antibodies, magnified production of cytokines, and lysis during the acute stage of infection. In MHC, genetic polymorphism helps it to show a number of T lymphocyte epitopes over different MHCs. Their gene association and downregulated expression are related to the seriousness of COVID-19 and evaluated by special markers such as IL-1ra, MCP-3, IL-17, IP-10, GM-CSF, TNF, IL-10, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. Clinical researches have pointed out that both severe and mild forms of COVID-19 lead to changes in leukocyte subtypes and cytokine secretion. Not unexpectedly, treatments that concern immune response and curb the 2019 coronavirus cytokine storm (COVID-19) will increase the patients' chance to survive. Cytokine storm characteristics, coagulopathy, and alternative inflammatory consequences remain vague. New accurate medication techniques are often advanced by distinguishing shared or population-specific triggering and amplifying cytokines storm at a certain stage of COVID-19. Copyright (C) 2013 - All Rights Reserved - Pharmacophore