Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study

Jennifer C.E Lane; James Weaver; Kristin Kostka; Talita Duarte-Salles; Maria Tereza F. Abrahao; Heba Alghoul; Osaid Alser; Thamir M Alshammari; Patricia Biedermann; Edward Burn; Paula Casajust; Mitch Conover; Aedin C. Culhane; Alexander Davydov; Scott L. DuVall; Dmitry Dymshyts; Sergio Fernández Bertolín; Kristina Fišter; Jill Hardin; Laura Hester; George Hripcsak; Seamus Kent; Sajan Khosla; Spyros Kolovos; Christophe G. Lambert; Johan ver der Lei; Ajit A. Londhe; Kristine E. Lynch; Rupa Makadia; Andrea V. Margulis; Michael E. Matheny; Paras Mehta; Daniel R. Morales; Henry Morgan-Stewart; Mees Mosseveld; Danielle Newby; Fredrik Nyberg; Anna Ostropolets; Rae Woong Park; Albert Prats-Uribe; Gowtham A. Rao; Christian Reich; Jenna Reps; Peter Rijnbeek; Selva Muthu Kumaran Sathappan; Martijn Schuemie; Sarah Seager; Anthony Sena; Azza Shoaibi; Matthew Spotnitz; Marc A. Suchard; Joel Swerdel; Carmen Olga Torre; David Vizcaya; Haini Wen; Marcel de Wilde; Seng Chan You; Lin Zhang; Oleg Zhuk; Patrick Ryan; Daniel Prieto-Alhambra

Another potential limitation in this study is the potential for patients to be included in more than one dataset in the US. Whilst we ran meta-analysis, which assume populations are independent, we wish to highlight we are likely to under-estimate variance in our meta-analytic estimates.