Complications of Cardiovascular Events in Patients Hospitalized with Influenza-Related Pneumonia

Chen, Liang; Han, Xiudi; Li, YanLi; Zhang, Chunxiao; Xing, Xiqian

PURPOSE: Influenza virus infections are a key cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Cardiovascular events (CVEs) are common among CAP and influenza patients, but there have been few population-based studies of influenza-related pneumonia (Flu-p) patients published to date. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 1191 immunocompetent hospitalized adult Flu-p patients from January 2012 to December 2018 in five teaching hospitals in China was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 24.6% (293/1191) of patients developed at least one form of CVE-related complication while hospitalized. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, preexisting heart failure, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, respiratory rates ≥30 breaths/min, a lymphocyte count <0.8×10(9)/L, PaO(2)/FiO(2) <300 mmHg, and systemic corticosteroid administration were independently associated with the incidence of CVEs; while early neuraminidase inhibitor treatment and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment were associated with a lower risk of CVEs. After controlling for potential confounding variables, we determined that CVEs were linked to a higher risk of 30-day mortality (OR 3.307, 95% CI 2.198–4.975, p < 0.001) in Flu-p patients. CONCLUSION: CVE-related complications are common among hospitalized Flu-p patients and are associated with negative patient outcomes. Clarifying these CVE-related risk factors can aid in their clinical prevention and management.