COVID-19 and mental health of pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil

Machado, Márcia Maria Tavares; Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima; Castro, Marcia C.; Sampaio, Edgar Gomes Marques; Oliveira, Francisco Ariclene; da Silva, Jordan Prazeres Freitas; de Aquino, Camila Machado; de Sousa, Liduina de Albuquerque Rocha; Carvalho, Francisco Herlanio Costa; Altafim, Elisa Rachel Pisani; Correia, Luciano Lima

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceptions of pregnant women about COVID-19 and the prevalence of common mental disorders during the implemented social distancing period. METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional study using digital media, of pregnant women exposed to social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Common mental disorders were estimated using the modified Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) scale, and the feelings towards COVID-19 were assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale through telephone calls made in May 2020. COX multivariate regression models were used to verify the associations. RESULTS: Of the 1,041 pregnant women, 45.7% (95%CI: 42.7–48.8) had common mental disorders (CMD). All items of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed a significant association with the prevalence of CMD (p < 0.001). A CMD risk gradient was observed, going from a prevalence ratio of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.13–2.04) in pregnant women with two positive items to 2.70 (95%CI: 2.08–3.51) for those with four positive items. Early gestational age and the lack of prenatal care were also associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of common mental disorders in pregnant women was high during the period of social distancing and was aggravated by negative feelings towards COVID-19.