Use of imaging techniques for non-invasive assessment in the diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Miele, Luca; Zocco, Maria A; Pizzolante, Fabrizio; De Matthaeis, Nicoletta; Ainora, Maria E; Liguori, Antonio; Gasbarrini, Antonio; Grieco, Antonio; Rapaccini, Gianludovico

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease and represent a common finding in highly prevalent metabolic disorders (i.e. type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) requires liver biopsy for grading and staging the liver damage by the assessment of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. In parallel with the development of numerous 'liquid' biomarkers and algorithms that combine anthropometric and laboratory parameters, innovative hepatic imaging techniques have increasingly been developed to attempt to overcome the need for biopsy, both in diagnosis and staging of NAFLD, and in possible use in the follow-up of the disease. In this review, we focused on the different imaging techniques trying to highlight the strengths and disadvantages of different approaches, particularly for ultrasound techniques, in stratifying liver injury and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD / NASH.