Evaluation of hematological, coagulation and inflammatory biomarker's role in predicting the severity of disease in patients with COVID-19, admitted in designated COVID-19 hospital of central India.

Lokwani, D P; Yadav, Bhagwan S; Bharti, Sanjay; Gupta, Vivek; Toppo, Neelam

Background COVID-19 is a pandemic viral disease that has affected the Indian population very badly with more than 8.46 million cases and > 0.125 million deaths. Aim Primary objective of the study is to establish the role of hematological, coagulation and inflammatory biomarkers in early identification of clinically severe covid-19 cases. Materials and Methods This study was conducted from July 2020 to August 2020 at a dedicated COVID-19 referral hospital in central India. Only RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 positive 300 cases admitted in the hospital were included in this study. Based on the clinical assessment, patients were categorised as mild, moderate, and severe groups as per ICMR guidelines. Blood samples of all cases were tested for haematological, coagulation and inflammatory biomarkers and mean values were compared among the three groups of patients. Results 46% patients belonged to >60 years of age group. Hematological parameters like total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, Neutrophil: Lymphocyte ratio, Platelet: Lymphocyte ratio significantly increased with lymphocytopenia (P=0.001). Coagulation profile(D-dimer and PT) and inflammatory biomarkers like CRP, LDH, ferritin, procalcitonin and NT- Pro BNP, all were significantly increased with severity of patients(p=0.001). ROC plotted for all the parameters between severe v/s non-severe cases showed that CRP, LDH and D-dimer had a good discriminative precision with AUC >0.8. Conclusion We suggest that biochemical markers like CRP, LDH and D-dimer can be used as a screening tool to differentiate severe patients from non-severe patients of Covid-19 disease in order to identify severe disease at early stage for optimal utilization of resources & reducing further morbidity & mortality.