Allium sativum derived carbon dots as a potential theranostic agent to combat the COVID-19 crisis

Kalkal, Ashish; Allawadhi, Prince; Pradhan, Rangadhar; Khurana, Amit; Bharani, Kala Kumar; Packirisamy, Gopinath

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst pandemics to have hit humanity. The manifestations are quite varied, ranging from severe lung infections to being asymptomatic. Hence, there is an urgent need to champion new tools to accelerate the end of this pandemic. Compromised immunity is a primary feature of COVID-19. Allium sativum (AS) is an effective dietary supplement known for its immune-modulatory, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifungal, and anti-viral properties. In this paper, it is hypothesized that carbon dots derived from AS (AS-CDs) may possess the potential to downgrade the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and revert the immunological aberrations to normal in the case of COVID-19. Carbon dots (CDs) have already been explored in the world of nanobiomedicine as promising theranostic candidates for bioimaging and drug/gene delivery. The antifibrotic and antioxidant effects of AS are elaborated, as demonstrated in several studies. It is found that the most active constituent of AS, allicin has a highly potent antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect. The antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral effects along with their capability of negating inflammatory effects and cytokine storm, are discussed. The synthesis of theranostic CDs from AS may provide a novel weapon in the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of COVID-19 infection and, at the same time, could act as a diagnostic agent for COVID-19.