The Conundrum of ‘Long-COVID-19ʹ: A Narrative Review

Garg, Mandeep; Maralakunte, Muniraju; Garg, Suruchi; Dhooria, Sahajal; Sehgal, Inderpaul; Bhalla, Ashu Seith; Vijayvergiya, Rajesh; Grover, Sandeep; Bhatia, Vikas; Jagia, Priya; Bhalla, Ashish; Suri, Vikas; Goyal, Manoj; Agarwal, Ritesh; Puri, Goverdhan Dutt; Sandhu, Manavjit Singh

COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with many challenges that are now extending to its intriguing long-term sequel. ‘Long-COVID-19ʹ is a term given to the lingering or protracted illness that patients of COVID-19 continue to experience even in their post-recovery phase. It is also being called ‘post-acute COVID-19ʹ, ‘ongoing symptomatic COVID-19ʹ, ‘chronic COVID-19ʹ, ‘post COVID-19 syndrome’, and ‘long-haul COVID-19ʹ. Fatigue, dyspnea, cough, headache, brain fog, anosmia, and dysgeusia are common symptoms seen in Long-COVID-19, but more varied and debilitating injuries involving pulmonary, cardiovascular, cutaneous, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric systems are also being reported. With the data on Long-COVID-19 still emerging, the present review aims to highlight its epidemiology, protean clinical manifestations, risk predictors, and management strategies. With the re-emergence of new waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection, Long-COVID-19 is expected to produce another public health crisis on the heels of current pandemic. Thus, it becomes imperative to emphasize this condition and disseminate its awareness to medical professionals, patients, the public, and policymakers alike to prepare and augment health care facilities for continued surveillance of these patients. Further research comprising cataloging of symptoms, longer-ranging observational studies, and clinical trials are necessary to evaluate long-term consequences of COVID-19, and it warrants setting-up of dedicated, post-COVID care, multi-disciplinary clinics, and rehabilitation centers.