Short-term effect of NO(2) on outpatient visits for dermatologic diseases in Xinxiang, China: a time-series study

Chao, Ling; Lu, Mengxue; An, Zhen; Li, Juan; Li, Yuchun; Zhao, Qian; Wang, Yinbiao; Liu, Yue; Wu, Weidong; Song, Jie

OBJECTIVES: As the largest organ of the human body, the skin is the major exposure route of NO(2). However, the evidence for a relationship between NO(2) exposure and dermatologic diseases (DMs) is limited. This time-series study was conducted to assess the short-term effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) exposure on DMs outpatient visits in Xinxiang, China. METHODS: Daily recordings of NO(2) concentrations, meteorological data, and the outpatient visits data for DMs were collected in Xinxiang from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2018. The analysis method used was based on the generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression to investigate the relationship between NO(2) exposure and DMs outpatient visits. Several covariates, such as long-term trends, seasonality, and weather conditions were controlled. RESULTS: A total of 164,270 DMs outpatients were recorded. A 10 μg/m(3) increase in NO(2) concentrations during the period was associated with a 1.86% increase in DMs outpatient visits (95% confidence intervals [Cl]: 1.06–2.66%). The effect was stronger (around 6 times) in the cool seasons than in warmer seasons and younger patients (< 15 years of age) appeared to be more vulnerable. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that short-term exposure to NO(2) increases the risk of DMs in Xinxiang, China, especially in the cool seasons. Policymakers should implement more stringent air quality standards to improve air quality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s10653-021-00831-3)