Keyto app and device versus WW app on weight loss and metabolic risk in adults with overweight or obesity: A randomized trial

Falkenhain, Kaja; Locke, Sean R.; Lowe, Dylan A.; Reitsma, Nicholas J.; Lee, Terry; Singer, Joel; Weiss, Ethan J.; Little, Jonathan P.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a Mediterranean‐style, ketogenic diet mobile health application (app) with breath acetone biofeedback is superior to a calorie‐restricted, low‐fat diet app in promoting weight loss. METHODS: Participants (n = 155) with overweight/obesity (mean [SD]: age 41 [11] years, BMI = 34 [5] kg/m(2), 71% female) were randomized to one of the interventions delivered entirely via app. Participants received a wireless scale and were instructed to take daily weight measurements. A third‐party laboratory collected blood samples at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Weight loss at 12 weeks was greater in the ketogenic (−5.6 kg; 95% CI: −6.7 kg to −4.5 kg) compared with the low‐fat group (−2.5 kg; 95% CI: −3.6 kg to −1.4 kg) (between‐group difference: −3.1 kg; 95% CI: −4.6 kg to −1.5 kg; p < 0.001). Weight loss at 24 weeks indicated durability of the effect (between‐group difference: −5.5 kg; 95% CI: −8.3 kg to −2.8 kg; p < 0.001). Secondary/exploratory outcomes of hemoglobin A1c and liver enzymes were improved to a greater extent in the ketogenic diet group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with overweight/obesity, a ketogenic diet app with breath acetone biofeedback was superior to a calorie‐restricted diet app at promoting weight loss in a real‐world setting.