Functional Data Analysis: Transition from Daily Observation of COVID-19 Prevalence in France to Functional Curves

Oshinubi, K.; Ibrahim, F.; Rachdi, M.; Demongeot, J.

In this paper we use the technique of functional data analysis to model daily hospitalized, 8 deceased, ICU cases and return home patient numbers along the COVID-19 outbreak, considered 9 as functional data across different departments in France while our response variables are numbers 10 of vaccinations, deaths, infected, recovered and tests in France. These sets of data were considered 11 before and after vaccination started in France. We used some smoothing techniques to smooth our 12 data set, then analysis based on functional principal components method was performed, clustering 13 using k-means techniques was done to understand the dynamics of the pandemic in different French 14 departments according to their geographical location on France map and we also performed canon- 15 ical correlations analysis between variables. Finally, we made some predictions to assess the accu- 16 racy of the method using functional linear regression models.