COVID-19 in health care workers – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sahu, Ankit Kumar; Amrithanand, V.T.; Mathew, Roshan; Aggarwal, Praveen; Nayer, Jamshed; Bhoi, Sanjeev

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is essential to know the proportion of health care workers (HCW) who are COVID 19 positive, as well as the severity and mortality among them. METHODS: This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from December-31, 2019 to April-23, 2020. The search was limited to the studies that reported the data on the number of COVID-19 positive healthcare workers, among the COVID-19 positive patients. Case reports, duplicate publications, reviews, and family-based studies were excluded. The methodological quality of studies was assessed by the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) tool. RESULTS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we pooled eleven studies to investigate the above factors. The overall proportion of HCW who were SARS-CoV-2 positive among all COVID-19 patients was 10.1% (95%CI: 5.3–14.9). This proportion varied according to the country of study i.e. China (7 studies) - 4.2%, 95%CI:2.4–6.0; United States (3 studies) – 17.8%, 95%CI:7.5–28.0; and Italy (1 study) – 9.0%, 95%CI:8.6–9.4. The incidence of severe or critical disease in HCW (9.9%, 95%CI:0.8–18.9) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the incidence of severe or critical disease in all COVID-19 positive patients (29.4%, 95%CI:18.6–40.2). Similarly, the mortality among HCW (0.3%, 95%CI:0.2–0.4) was also significantly lower (p < 0.001) as compared to that of all patients (2.3%, 95%CI:2.2–2.4). CONCLUSION: Health care workers who are COVID-19 positive constituted a significant proportion of all COVID-19 patients; but the severity and mortality were lower among them.