Insights into the origin and diversification of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtypes

Weber, Matheus N.; Wolf, Jonas M.; da Silva, Mariana S.; Mosena, Ana Cristina S.; Budaszewski, Renata F.; Lunge, Vagner R.; Canal, Cláudio W.

In this study, we performed phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis on bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) sequences to investigate the origin and temporal diversification of different BVDV-1 subtypes. Dated phylogenies using the complete polyprotein sequence were reconstructed, and the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was estimated. The results demonstrated that BVDV-1 subtypes clustered into two phylogenetic clades, where the predominant subtypes worldwide grouped together. In the temporal analysis, the tMRCA of BVDV-1 was 1336, and the diversification into different subtypes appears to have occurred around 363 years ago. The present results help to elucidate the origins of BVDV-1 subtypes and the dynamics of ruminant pestiviruses. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00705-020-04913-y.