Personal and social factors that influence physical activity levels in community-dwelling stroke survivors: A systematic review of qualitative literature.

Espernberger, Karl R; Fini, Natalie A; Peiris, Casey L

OBJECTIVES To determine the personal and social factors perceived to influence physical activity levels in stroke survivors. DATA SOURCES Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Embase) were searched from inception to November 2020, including reference and citation list searches. STUDY SELECTION The initial search yielded 1499 papers, with 14 included in the review. Included articles were peer-reviewed, qualitative studies, reporting on the perceived factors influencing physical activity levels of independently mobile community-dwelling adults, greater than 3 months post stroke. DATA EXTRACTION Data extracted included location, study aim, design, participant and recruitment information and how data were collected and analysed. DATA SYNTHESIS Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify meanings and patterns, generate codes and develop themes. Five main themes were identified: (i) Social networks are important influencers of physical activity; (ii) Participation in meaningful activities rather than 'exercise' is important; (iii) Self-efficacy promotes physical activity and physical activity enhances self-efficacy; (iv) Pre-stroke identity related to physical activity influences post-stroke physical activity; and (v) Formal programmes are important for those with low self-efficacy or a sedentary pre-stroke identity. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels in stroke survivors are influenced by social activities and support, pre-stroke identity, self-efficacy levels and completion of activities that are meaningful to stroke survivors.