Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Infection.

Cohen, Herman Avner; Gerstein, Maya; Yaniv, Noga; Richenberg, Yael; Jacobson, Eyal; Marton, Shoval; Hoshen, Moshe; Shkalim Zemer, Vered

OBJECTIVE To postulate that ADHD is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection; to evaluate the COVID-19 risk factor on drug-treated ADHD subjects. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on ADHD subjects aged 6 to 18 years in Israel, who had undergone at least one COVID-19 test during the study period. RESULTS Of the 64,409 subjects included in the study, 6,207 (9.64%) had at least one positive COVID-19 test result, 13,300 (20.65%) were diagnosed with ADHD, and of whom 1,751 (13%) had purchased at least two ADHD medications 3 months prior to COVID-19 testing and were defined as being medically treated. Medically-treated ADHD subjects had a significantly lower likelihood to be infected with COVID-19 than untreated subjects. CONCLUSION Untreated ADHD patients seem to constitute a risk group for COVID-19 infection. Drug treatment ameliorates risk of spreading COVID-19 infection within the pediatric population and secondary spread in the general population.