Atención a pacientes COVID-19 durante la primera ola de la pandemia en un Hospital de Media Estancia. Variables asociadas con mortalidad en ingresados en situación aguda

Elena Carrillo Alcalá, Mª; Saiz, Jesús Minaya

Background and objective: Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the SARS-cov-2 pandemic. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of the patients treated for COVID-19 at Guadarrama Hospital and to identify the associated mortality factors in those admitted in an acute situation Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted from 3/15 to 5/15/2020. Sociodemographic, mental, functional, analytical, clinical, radiological and therapeutic variables were collected. Factors associated with mortality were analyzed using a bivariate and multivariate study. Results: 211 patients were included: 102 (48.3%) in an acute situation and 109 (51.7%) in the convalescent phase, the median (interquartile range) age was 82 (72, 85) years. The most frequent symptoms were fever, cough and respiratory failure. 89.9% had pneumonia. An acute mortality rate of 26.5% (27/102) was detected and the associated factors were: respiratory failure (p 0.002), Charlson index (ChI)≥3 (p <0.001), CURB≥2 (p 0.011), low satO2/fiO2 ratio (<0.001), elevated urea (p <0.001) and creatinine (p 0.036), hypoproteinemia (p 0.037) and age (p <0.018). The deceased had a worse functional situation than the survivors (p 0.025). In the multivariate analysis, satO2/fiO2 ratio (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.07 -4.63, p 0.031) and ChI≥ 3 (OR 4.25; 95% CI 1.06-17.04, p 0.041) were independent factors of mortality. Conclusions: The COVID-19 patients treated were mostly severe cases. The variables associated with mortality were age, respiratory failure, comorbidity, kidney failure, and malnutrition. Respiratory failure and comorbidity outweigh age as independent risk factors for mortality.