Emerging Novel Coronavirus is a Global Threat: Insight in the Biology of COVID-19 and its Hijacking Process of Hosts' Cell.

Roy, Debmalya; Khanra, Ipshita; Wang, Zeling; Merugu, Siva Bharath; Yunus, Fakhar-Un-Nisa; Mashausi, Dhahiri Saidi; Li, Dawei

The outbreak of novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) has spread out globally. If we look back in 1960 when first appearance of the corona virus (CoV) occurred, it was considered non-virulent. Forty-two years later, people became infected with an unknown virus in Guangdong province in China, showing symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), after genomic analysis, CoV was detected but there was also a drastic genomic change in between SARS-CoV and CoV that was found in 1960. Thereafter, it broke out again in 2012 as the (MERS-CoV) and 2019 (2019-nCoV). These genomic transformations are associated with mutation which favors the CoV for evolution and with better adaptation employing hijacking targeted host cells more appropriately towards faster transcription and replication, and infect human by transmission through direct or indirect contact of the infected individuals through inhaling droplets originated by coughing or sneezing in infected people. CoV starts replicating by a new host thus, the potential cause of the genomic transformation of each new CoV-strain is the better adaptation and higher virulence. In this regards the latest strain of severe acute deficiency syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) could be more fatal. For proper understanding, in this review, we implicated how CoV binds to host receptors, and we provide brief introduction of the mutation, replication, transmission and pathogenicity of this virus. All of these stages of coronavirus are very essential for their unique evolution.