Employing a systematic approach to biobanking and analyzing clinical and genetic data for advancing COVID-19 research

Daga, Sergio; Fallerini, Chiara; Baldassarri, Margherita; Fava, Francesca; Valentino, Floriana; Doddato, Gabriella; Benetti, Elisa; Furini, Simone; Giliberti, Annarita; Tita, Rossella; Amitrano, Sara; Bruttini, Mirella; Meloni, Ilaria; Pinto, Anna Maria; Raimondi, Francesco; Stella, Alessandra; Biscarini, Filippo; Picchiotti, Nicola; Gori, Marco; Pinoli, Pietro; Ceri, Stefano; Sanarico, Maurizio; Crawley, Francis P.; Birolo, Giovanni; Renieri, Alessandra; Mari, Francesca; Frullanti, Elisa

Within the GEN-COVID Multicenter Study, biospecimens from more than 1000 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals have thus far been collected in the GEN-COVID Biobank (GCB). Sample types include whole blood, plasma, serum, leukocytes, and DNA. The GCB links samples to detailed clinical data available in the GEN-COVID Patient Registry (GCPR). It includes hospitalized patients (74.25%), broken down into intubated, treated by CPAP-biPAP, treated with O(2) supplementation, and without respiratory support (9.5%, 18.4%, 31.55% and 14.8, respectively); and non-hospitalized subjects (25.75%), either pauci- or asymptomatic. More than 150 clinical patient-level data fields have been collected and binarized for further statistics according to the organs/systems primarily affected by COVID-19: heart, liver, pancreas, kidney, chemosensors, innate or adaptive immunity, and clotting system. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified five main clinical categories: (1) severe multisystemic failure with either thromboembolic or pancreatic variant; (2) cytokine storm type, either severe with liver involvement or moderate; (3) moderate heart type, either with or without liver damage; (4) moderate multisystemic involvement, either with or without liver damage; (5) mild, either with or without hyposmia. GCB and GCPR are further linked to the GCGDR, which includes data from whole-exome sequencing and high-density SNP genotyping. The data are available for sharing through the Network for Italian Genomes, found within the COVID-19 dedicated section. The study objective is to systematize this comprehensive data collection and begin identifying multi-organ involvement in COVID-19, defining genetic parameters for infection susceptibility within the population, and mapping genetically COVID-19 severity and clinical complexity among patients.