Mental health issues and psychological risk factors among Paraguayan healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Villalba-Arias, Jorge; Estigarribia, Gladys; Bogado, José Andrés; Méndez, Julieta; Toledo, Santiago; Barrios, Iván; Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio; Ventriglio, Antonio; Torales, Julio

BACKGROUND There is an increasing concern regarding the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIMS This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 exposure among Paraguayan healthcare workers. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study has been carried out in five hospitals of Paraguay. Demographic and occupational exposure to COVID-19 were collected through a short questionnaire. Mental health status was assessed with the GAD-7, the PHQ-9, and the PCL-C. Logistic regression was used to determine psychological risk factors. RESULTS 432 participants were surveyed. 218 (50.46%) were physicians. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD was 48.15, 41.90, and 5.79%, respectively. There were no significant differences in anxiety (128 [29.63%] vs. 80 [18.52%]; p = 0.3303), depression (102 [23.61%] vs. 79 [18.29%]; p = 0.6703), or PTSD (14 [3.24%] vs. 11 [2.55%]; p = 0.8074) between frontline versus second-line workers. Main risk factors associated with psychological distress included work experience <5 years for depression and a COVID-19 positive diagnosis or having family/friends with a COVID-19 positive diagnosis for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Paraguayan healthcare workers reported high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and a low prevalence of PTSD. A positive diagnosis of COVID-19 and work experience <5 years are important psychological risk factors.