Air quality change during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown over the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France

Sbai, Salah Eddine; Mejjad, Nezha; Norelyaqine, Abderrahim; Bentayeb, Farida

Under the rapid spread of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) worldwide, a complete lockdown was imposed in France from March 17th to May 11th, 2020 to limit the virus spread. This lockdown affected significantly the atmospheric pollution levels due to the restrictions of human activities. In the present study, we investigate the evolution of air quality in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, focusing on nine atmospheric pollutants (NO(2), NO, PM(10), PM(2.5), O(3), VOC, CO, SO(2), and isoprene). In Lyon, center of the region, the results indicated that NO(2), NO, and CO levels were reduced by 67%, 78%, and 62%, respectively, resulting in a decrease in road traffic by 80%. However, O(3), PM(10), and PM(2.5) were increased by 105%, 23%, and 53%, respectively, during the lockdown. The increase in ozone is explained by the dropping in NO and other gases linked to human activity, which consume ozone. Thus, the increase of solar radiation, sunshine, temperature, and humidity promoted the O(3) formation during the lockdown. Besides, rising temperature enhances the BVOC emissions such as isoprene. In addition, volatile organic component (VOC) and SO(2) remain almost stable and oxidation of these species leads to the formation of ozone and organic aerosol, which also explains the increase in PM during the lockdown. This study shows the contribution of atmospheric photochemistry to air pollution. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11869-020-00965-w.