Developing a competence framework for nurses in pharmaceutical care: A Delphi study.

Dijkstra, Nienke E; De Baetselier, Elyne; Dilles, Tinne; Van Rompaey, Bart; da Cunha Batalha, Luis M; Filov, Izabela; Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen; Heczkova, Jana; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Jordan, Sue; Kafková, Zuzana; Karnjus, Igor; Kolovos, Petros; Langer, Gero; Lillo-Crespo, Manuel; Malara, Alba; Padyšáková, Hana; Prosen, Mirko; Pusztai, Dorina; Talarico, Francesco; Tziaferi, Styliani; Sino, Carolien G M

BACKGROUND Nurses play an important role in pharmaceutical care. They are involved in: detecting clinical change; communicating/discussing pharmacotherapy with patients, their advocates, and other healthcare professionals; proposing and implementing medication-related interventions; and ensuring follow-up of patients and medication regimens. To date, a framework of nurses' competences on knowledge, skills, and attitudes as to interprofessional pharmaceutical care tasks is missing. OBJECTIVES To reach agreement with experts about nurses' competences for tasks in interprofessional pharmaceutical care. METHODS A two-phase study starting with a scoping review followed by five Delphi rounds was performed. Competences extracted from the literature were assessed by an expert panel on relevance by using the RAND/UCLA method. The experts (n = 22) involved were healthcare professionals, nurse researchers, and educators from 14 European countries with a specific interest in nurses' roles in interprofessional pharmaceutical care. Descriptive statistics supported the data analysis. RESULTS The expert panel reached consensus on the relevance of 60 competences for 22 nursing tasks. Forty-one competences were related to 15 generic nursing tasks and 33 competences were related to seven specific nursing tasks. CONCLUSIONS This study resulted in a competence framework for competency-based nurse education. Future research should focus on imbedding these competences in nurse education. A structured instrument should be developed to assess students' readiness to achieve competence in interprofessional pharmaceutical care in clinical practice.