The Essential Facts of Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China and Epitope-based Vaccine Designing against COVID-19

Bishajit Sarkar; Md. Asad Ullah; Fatema Tuz Johora; Masuma Afrin Taniya; Yusha Araf

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, which is surrounded by crownshaped, club-like spikes projection on the outer surface [1] [2] . Coronaviruses spike protein are glycoprotein that are embedded over the viral envelope. This spike protein attaches to specific cellular receptors and initiates structural changes of spike protein, and causes penetration of cell membranes which results in the release of the viral nucleocapsid into the cell [3] . The viral spike protein includes N-terminal, which is crucial for identification of Coronaviruses [4] . Coronaviruses have a large RNA genome in the size ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases and capable of obtaining distinct ways of replication [5] . Like all other RNA viruses, coronavirus undergoes replication of genome and transcription of mRNAs upon infection. Synthesis of a full-length negative-strand RNA serves as template for full-length genomic RNA [3] [6] . Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales [7] . that are common in many different species of animals, including camels, cattle, cats, and bats [8] . This group of viruses can cause wide varieties of respiratory illness in mammals and birds. In human, it causes common cold, leading to severe illness pneumonia to elderly people and immunocompromised people, like hospital patients [9] . This viral pathogen was responsible for the Middle East Respiratory [87] . First European fatality of a 80-year-old-man in France was reported on the same date [88] . 1,933 deaths in Hubei alone and more than 70,000 cases were reported by Health authorities on 18th February, 2020 [89] . China's National Health Committee reported on 19th February, 2020 that blood plasma can be extracted from the recovered patients to treat serious patients [90] . Japan's Health Ministry announced two deaths of a 87-year-old-man and 84-yearold-woman on the cruise ship on 20th February, 2020 and on the same date South Korea's first fatality was reported [91] . The youngest coronavirus infected patient who is under age 10 was reported in Japan on 21th February, 2020 [92] . As of 22th February, 2020, 2,239 death cases and 75,567 infected cases including 346 infected cases in South Korea were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) [93] . World Health Organization (WHO) welcomed the report of China on 23th February, 2020 saying there was a fall in new death case in mainland China but concerned with infected cases in other counties as the total infected cases in South Korea stood 433 on the same date [94] .