The effects of modified sialic acids on mucus and erythrocytes on influenza A virus HA and NA functions

Karen N. Barnard; Brynn K. Alford-Lawrence; David W. Buchholz; Brian R. Wasik; Justin R. LaClair; Hai Yu; Rebekah Honce; Stefan Ruhl; Petar Pajic; Erin K. Daugherity; Xi Chen; Stacey L. Schultz-Cherry; Hector C. Aguilar; Ajit Varki; Colin R. Parrish

The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. . https://doi.org/10.1101/800300 doi: bioRxiv preprint by Erin Daugherity and Luce E. Guanzini (Cornell University). Animals were not allowed to eat or drink prior to the collection to ensure the oral cavity was free of food and other debris. The 445 collection was performed using a commercially available device (Micro-SAL). Large animals were gently restrained and a larger collection device (Super-SAL) was placed under the tongue for up to three minutes, or until fully soaked. Saliva from castrated domestic pigs were also provided by Anja Globig (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems -Greifswald, Germany). Saliva from dogs was also kindly provided by Barbara McCabe (Buffalo, NY). The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. . https://doi.org/10.1101/800300 doi: bioRxiv preprint 20 (and low recognition of 9-O-Ac), PToV-P4 for 9-O-Ac. Virolectins were then detected using a 470 biotin-conjugated αFc region secondary antibody followed by incubation with the Vectastain ABC reagent and NovaRed substrate (Vector). Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin.