Severity detection for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using a machine learning model based on the blood and urine tests

Yao, Haochen; Zhang, Nan; Zhang, Ruochi; Duan, Meiyu; Xie, Tianqi; Pan, Jiahui; Peng, Ejun; Huang, Juanjuan; Zhang, Yingli; Xu, Xiaoming; Xu, Hong; Zhou, Fengfeng; Wang, Guoqing

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused serious challenges to the human society in China and across the world. COVID-19 induced pneumonia in human hosts and carried a highly inter-person contagiousness. The COVID-19 patients may carry severe symptoms, and some of them may even die of major organ failures. This study utilized the machine learning algorithms to build the COVID-19 severeness detection model. Support vector machine (SVM) demonstrated a promising detection accuracy after 32 features were detected to be significantly associated with the COVID-19 severeness. These 32 features were further screened for inter-feature redundancies. The final SVM model was trained using 28 features and achieved the overall accuracy 0.8148. This work may facilitate the risk estimation of whether the COVID-19 patients would develop the severe symptoms. The 28 COVID-19 severeness associated biomarkers may also be investigated for their underlining mechanisms how they were involved in the COVID-19 infections.