Rates of COVID-19–Related Outcomes in Cancer Compared With Noncancer Patients

Sun, Lova; Surya, Sanjna; Le, Anh N; Desai, Heena; Doucette, Abigail; Gabriel, Peter; Ritchie, Marylyn D; Rader, Daniel; Maillard, Ivan; Bange, Erin; Huang, Alexander C; Vonderheide, Robert H; DeMichele, Angela; Verma, Anurag; Mamtani, Ronac; Maxwell, Kara N

Cancer patients are a vulnerable population postulated to be at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in cancer patients may be attributable to age, comorbidities, smoking, health care exposure, and cancer treatments, and partially to the cancer itself. Most studies to date have focused on hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, thereby limiting the generalizability and interpretability of the association between cancer and COVID-19 severity. We compared outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 323 patients enrolled in a population-based study before the pandemic (n = 67 cancer patients; n = 256 noncancer patients). After adjusting for demographics, smoking status, and comorbidities, a diagnosis of cancer was independently associated with higher odds of hospitalization (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 4.18) and 30-day mortality (odds ratio = 5.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.49 to 21.59). These associations were primarily driven by patients with active cancer. These results emphasize the critical importance of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and mitigating infection in cancer patients.